Mrs. du Toit Weblog - WAP Version

Wednesday, November 19, 2008

Ammo Day

It’s today, so don’t forget!  Details here.

Oh, and it’s Kim’s birthday, too.  Amazing coincidence, huh?

tongue rolleye



Posted by Mrs. du Toit on 11/19 at November 19, 2008 5:00 AM CDT
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Tuesday, November 18, 2008

Educating Your Children IX:  Teenagers

I would probably do a better job writing this post if I were drunk (but I can’t drink anymore).  It is only through a stupor that I could write this section with the proper degree of cynicism and honesty.  It is in this post that I have to bring up the dreaded topic of IQ, and push everyone’s buttons.

As I mentioned in an earlier post, there are a number of things we can do to help a child achieve their potential.  Nutrition and nurturing are facets of it.  What is important to accept is that there is a fixed point, at the end of the potential line.  We can’t get over that wall.  We can and should try to get as close to it as we can, but there is a risk of diminishing returns if we keep slamming our heads into it.

It makes good sense to determine your child’s IQ when they begin their teenage years.  What you do with that information, however, is what makes it a good or a bad idea. 

Captain Barbarosa (Pirates of the Caribbean) regarding abiding by the Pirate’s Code: “They’re more like guidelines, really.”

History gives us a number of examples of determining a child’s fate during this period in their lives.  It is no accident that the Jewish tradition sets manhood and entry into the club at age 13.  It is not an accident that the eighth grade was the traditional stopping point of schooling, when a person’s life was at a crossroads.  There is a kind of stability in a child’s development, once they get to this age.  (I caution those who take exception to the generalities I’m referring to here, and take them as literal/absolutes.)

A child with an IQ of 75 is not going to medical school

The average IQ of the population as a whole is, by definition, 100. IQs range from 0 to above 200, and among children, to above 250. However, about 50% of the population have IQs between 89 and 111, and about 80% of the population have IQs ranging between 80 and 120, with 10% lying below 80, and 10% falling above 120.

For IQs below 120, IQ is the best predictor of socioeconomic status of any psychometric measurement. In more complex jobs, IQ is better than even education or experience at predicting job performance. In her article “The General Intelligence Factor”, Scientific American Presents “Exploring Intelligence”, pg. 24, 1999, Linda Gottfredson states:

“Adults in the bottom 5% of the IQ distribution (below 75) are very difficult to train and are not competitive for any occupation on the basis of ability. Serious problems in training low-IQ military recruits during World War II led Congress to ban enlistment from the lowest 10% (below 80) of the population, and no civilian occupation in modern economies routinely recruits its workers from that below-80 range. Current military enlistment standards exclude any individual whose IQ is below about 85.”

“Persons of average IQ (between 90 and 100) are not competitive for most professional and executive-level work but are easily trained for the bulk of jobs in the American economy. By contrast, individuals in the top 5 percent of the adult population can essentially train themselves, and few occupations are beyond their reach mentally.”

“People with IQs between 75 and 90 are 88 times more likely to drop out of high school, seven times more likely to be jailed, and five times more likely as adults to live in poverty than people with IQs between 110 and 125. The 75-to-90 IQ woman is eight times more likely to become a chronic welfare recipient, and four times as likely to bear an illegitimate child than the 110-to-125-IQ woman.”

In his book, Straight Talk About Mental Tests, The Free Press, A Division of the Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1981, pg. 12, Dr. Arthur Jensen cites the following four IQ thresholds:

(1) An IQ of 50 or below. This is the threshold below which most adults cannot cope outside of an institution. They can typically be taught to read at a 3rd or 4th grade level. However, they cannot normally function in the customary classroom setting, and they require special training programs.
(2) An IQ between 50 and 75. At this level of intelligence, they generally cannot complete elementary school. Most adults will need smarter help in coping with the world.
(3) An IQ between 75 and 105. Children in this IQ range are not generally able to complete a college prep course in high school.
(4) An IQ between 105 and 115. May graduate from college but generally, not with grades that would qualify them for graduate school.
(5) An IQ above 115. No restrictions.

For IQs in these ranges, the influence of IQ upon socioeconomic status is dramatic. 31% of those with IQs below 75 were on welfare, compared with 8% of those in the 90 to 110 IQ interval, and 0% in those with IQs above 125. 55% of mothers with IQs below 75 went on welfare after the birth of the first child, compared with 12% of those with IQs between 90 and 110, and 1% of those with IQs above 125. Income is highly dependent upon IQ up to an IQ-level of about 125.

The table below (also from the above referenced site) provides some useful information for our purposes.

IQ Range
Frequency
Cumulative
Frequency
Typical Educability
Employment
Options
Below 30
>1%
>1% below 30IlliterateUnemployable. Institutionalized.
30 to 50
>1%?
>1% below 501st-Grade to 3rd-GradeSimple, non-critical household chores.
50 to 60
~1%?
1.5% below 603rd-Grade to 6th-gradeVery simple tasks, close supervision.
60 to 74
3.5%?
5% below 746th-Grade to 8th-Grade"Slow, simple, supervised."
74 to 89
20%
25% below 898th-Grade to 12th-GradeAssembler, food service, nurse’s aide
89 to 100
25%
50% below 1008th-Grade to 1-2 years of College.Clerk, teller, Walmart
100 to 111
50%
1 in 2 above 10012th-Grade to College DegreePolice officer, machinist, sales
111 to 120
15%
1 in 4 above 111College to Master’s LevelManager, teacher, accountant
120 to 125
5%
11 in 10 above 120College to Non-Technical Ph. D.’s.Manager, professor, accountant
125 to 132
3%
1 in 20 above 125Any Ph. D. at 3rd-Tier SchoolsAttorney, editor, executive.
132 to 137
1%
1 in 50 above 132No limitations.Eminent professor, editor
137 to 150
0.9%
1 in 100 above 137No limitations.Leading math, physics professor
150 to 160
0.1%
1 in 1,100 above 150No limitationsLincoln, Copernicus, Jefferson
160 to 174
0.01%
1 in 11,000 above 160No limitationsDescartes, Einstein, Spinoza
174 to 200
0.0099%
1 in 1,000,000
above 174
No limitationsShakespeare, Goethe, Newton

The table above gives us the outside edge of our wall--the potential of our children, based on their IQ.  Expecting them to be able to exceed the wall is no different from expecting them to grow taller than their physical potential, for a girl to grow a penis if we wanted a boy instead, or to suddenly start growing blond hair, where their red hair used to be… just by trying harder.  It isn’t going to happen, no matter how hard they try.

At this point in a child’s development is when it is often easier for someone else to make these decisions, because our role as a parent has to change.  Until the teenage years, when an IQ test really is an accurate predictor of their potential, we’ve been akin to You can do it! Now our role and our job as a parent has to change.  We have to become dispassionate (but optimistic) advisers rather than cheerleaders. 

Since IQ was often related to birth order, customs were developed around that.  It was preordained that the first son would inherit the family business, the second son would go into the military, and the third son would join the clergy.  Birth order isn’t a 100% reliable as an IQ predictor, especially if sons are born more than two years apart, but it is an interesting phenomenon (that we can now understand scientifically.

We don’t like to look at our children so critically, nor are we thrilled with the idea of having to be honest and direct them in a way that might be contrary to our personal desires for them, or even their own desires.  We like to hold out hope for a different outcome and so we leave all doors open to our children. 

I can’t support that idea, because it has no grounding in fact/reality.

Sharing a child’s IQ with them has some risk.  Children with normal or low IQs can be discouraged or defeated.  Children with higher IQs tend not to work as hard.  Just because someone’s IQ is high doesn’t mean they’ll achieve their potential.  It just means it is possible for them to aspire to the more heady professions and careers.  They still have to put forth an effort.  Resting on one’s laurels is not achievement nor success make.  A person can have a high IQ but still have a low degree of stamina or discipline.  This laziness tendency with smarter kids is partially learned behavior, especially if they’ve not had to exert much effort in a public-type school environment.  They’ve gotten away with something, they think, but that early laziness habit will be a difficult one to break.

Now the nice thing about IQ is that it tends to be genetic.  If parents have an IQ of about 100, odds are good their children will too.  This means that the definition of happiness and success of the parents will be satisfactory to them, and any disappointment they might have that their child won’t be another Einstein will be tempered by those definitions.  Because it is a general tendency doesn’t mean it is the reality, so an IQ test will provide definitive proof, and give parents an idea of how to approach the teenage years.

Paraphrasing dialog from A Fish Called Wanda: “Apes can READ Nietzsche.  They just can’t UNDERSTAND it.”

If a child has an IQ in the normal range (about 100), it makes no sense to direct their academic pursuits with subject levels that will be beyond them.  As the quote above illustrates, they’ll be able to go through the mechanics of doing the work, but it won’t have any lasting impact, nor any academic purpose.  Their response to Nietzsche will be something along the lines of “Huh?” It is at that point that their literary selections might be better directed to Louis L’Amour, Judith Krantz, or Robert Heinlein, instead of Joseph Conrad or Truman Capote.  They can read Conrad and Capote, because they’ll have the mechanics of reading, but they’ll only understand them at a very superficial/literal level… which is OK, too, but reading it won’t raise their IQ, ie, make them any quicker/smarter than they are, nor will they benefit from the exposure to the writing quality, density, or underlying message.

IQs are similar to the capabilities of modes of transport.  You might be able to get a bicycle to go 120 miles an hour, down a severe hill, but it can’t do it on the straights (and you risk life and limb in doing so).  A bicycle won’t ever fly, as an airplane will, unless you drive it off a cliff.  A car is designed to travel on highways, but depending on the car, it might not hold together (or be safe) above 80mph. 

Below an IQ of 110, children entering their teenage years need to be directed to careers in the trades, not directed to college or university (in the conventional sense).  What we provide to them (as their educators) is preparing them for their careers and what they’ll do when our home-schooling is “done.”

Some colleges offer trade school education, so “college” can be a confusing term these days.  Many places (such as police or fire departments) have outsourced their trade instruction to community colleges, so “colleges” aren’t completely ruled out if that’s the direction.

In general, with the caveat above, if a child has a normal or lower IQ, their “education” stops at their teenage years, and their “training” begins. 

What becomes an interesting challenge is parents with children with IQs remarkably different from their own.  A parent with an IQ in the normal range might not be the best educator for a child with an IQ of 120 or above.  That child needs a mentor who has similar capabilities, so tutors or private school should be considered.  It is not as problematic for parents with higher IQs and children lower, but that also presents challenges because the parents will have a hard time relating to how and why the child learns more slowly, and retains less (or misses the “big picture” so easily).  That parent will tend to get frustrated by their child’s abilities (or skip over basics, assuming the child has them), and that isn’t a good thing for that child.  A child’s emotional development and their well-being is just as important as their academic development.

What is also interesting about higher IQs is the tendency for empathy and compassion to be lacking.  Whether this is learned behavior (by living in a world with the majority of people so easily duped by their smarter fellows) or whether there is some sort of genetic synthesis isn’t really important.  What is important is to accept that this tendency exists.  Children with higher IQs need to have character, empathy, integrity and honor education, more so than their go-along-to-get-along, lower IQ peers.  If it is genetic, it probably won’t be effective, but because we cannot be certain of that, we need to try.

This, as I said, is a very difficult subject, because it pokes at people’s egos and their sense of fairness.  It is also incredibly difficult for parents to direct a child away from things that might interest them, or sound good on paper, when the child has no hope of actually achieving it (even if they passionately desire it).

For parents with children in the higher IQ range, I suggest an academic program similar to the one detailed here, with the focus on university preparation.  For children with normal or lower IQs, I suggest some of the more traditional curriculum, such as this.

It is possible to get an accurate read of a child’s IQ when they’re younger (and choose their educational direction sooner), but it should be repeated at the entry to the teenage years, just to be certain.

If we were living in a different time, it would be possible to direct your normal child into the trades and secure for them an apprenticeship.  Unfortunately, we are mostly prohibited by law from doing that sort of thing now, and so these efforts must be delayed until they are 16 or 18… but that is what you can do to help that child, even if it doesn’t sound as sexy or exciting.  It’s honest, however painful that might be to accept.



Posted by Mrs. du Toit on 11/18 at November 18, 2008 5:00 AM CDT
Educating Your Children Series | (9) View Comments

Monday, November 17, 2008

From the Closet

A few weeks back I asked for requests for final posts.  A relative responded and the topics were (generally) more personal in nature.  If a non-relative had asked me some of these questions, I might not have been willing to answer… but because it was this person, someone whom I love and adore, I’ll respond to all in a single post.



Summarize and give your opinion of George Bush’s Presidency - Has his cowboy mentality spurred a new generation of politicians?  Has he influenced Sarah Palin?

Tell us about your conversion from a Democrat to your current political standing - Define your current political standing




What did your Mom do right in raising you - Give a positive review of your upbringing




Summarize where you stand on important political issues


a. Abortion - Under what circumstances is it OK?




b. Gay Marriage (If someone is born gay, why are they deprived of the right of same sex marriage?  Why isn’t this unconstitutional? Why is marriage only between a man and a women?  How does this relate or not relate to the Iraq War?)



c. Why is Universal Health Care unfair?




Why did you leave California? (Why not fight the power that caused you to move?)




Why was Greg Gay?



Give a sales pitch for traveling the world



Posted by Mrs. du Toit on 11/17 at November 17, 2008 5:49 PM CDT
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